Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium

The Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) is a fundamental principle in population genetics that describes how allele and genotype frequencies remain constant across generations in an ideal population. It assumes no mutation, migration, natural selection, genetic drift, or non-random mating, and a sufficiently large population size. Under these conditions, genetic variation is preserved, and genotype frequencies can be predicted using the equation p² + 2pq + q² = 1. Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium serves as a null model, allowing researchers to detect evolutionary forces acting on populations by identifying deviations from expected frequencies. It is widely applied in evolutionary biology, medical genetics, conservation genetics, and genetic epidemiology to assess population structure and genetic stability.

Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium, population genetics, allele frequency, genotype frequency, genetic variation, evolutionary forces, random mating, genetic stability

#HardyWeinbergEquilibrium #PopulationGenetics #AlleleFrequency #GenotypeFrequency #GeneticVariation #EvolutionaryBiology #RandomMating #GeneticEquilibrium #MendelianGenetics #Genomics

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