Coronary Artery Disease
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a chronic cardiovascular condition characterized by the narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries due to the buildup of atherosclerotic plaques composed of cholesterol, fatty deposits, calcium, and inflammatory cells. This process reduces blood flow and oxygen supply to the heart muscle, leading to clinical manifestations such as chest pain (angina), shortness of breath, myocardial infarction (heart attack), heart failure, and sudden cardiac death. Major risk factors include hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, smoking, obesity, physical inactivity, advancing age, and genetic predisposition. CAD remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Early diagnosis, lifestyle modification, pharmacological therapy, and interventional procedures such as angioplasty or coronary artery bypass grafting are critical for prevention, management, and improved long-term outcomes.
Coronary Artery Disease, Atherosclerosis, Ischemic Heart Disease, Angina Pectoris, Myocardial Infarction, Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Plaque Formation, Coronary Arteries, Heart Attack
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