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Anti-Diabetic

Characteristics of Polyphenols of Black Hulless Barley Bran and Its Anti-Diabetic Activity


Polyphenols play a crucial role in promoting human health. This study aims to investigate the polyphenols of black hulless barley bran (HBP) and evaluate their anti-diabetic mechanisms in vivo. Using UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS, 27 compounds were identified in HBP, including four phenolic acids, 14 flavonoids, and nine anthocyanidins. High contents of Chrysoeriol 7-O-glucuronide (42.09 mg/g), Cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (21.02 mg/g), and Cyanidin 3-O-(6″-O-malonyl)-glucoside (24.45 mg/g) were quantified via UPLC in HBP. Administration of HBP significantly reduced fasting blood glucose (FBG), improved glucose intolerance and lipid profiles, and alleviated liver and pancreatic damage in type 2 diabetic (T2DM) mice. 

Furthermore, it enhanced serum antioxidant enzyme activities and modulated inflammatory cytokines. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that HBP influenced signal transduction and the immune system, particularly in key signaling pathways, including Hippo, TGF-beta, HIF-1, and p53, associated with T2DM. Although HBP had minimal impact on gut microbiota diversity and SCFA levels, it presents a promising candidate for T2DM intervention through its multifaceted mechanisms.

Hulless barley brans are typically discarded as waste or utilized as low-value animal feed. In this study, 27 polyphenols were identified in the polyphenolic composition of black hulless barley bran (HBP) using UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS. The HBP exhibited a TAC of 55.39 mg/g, a TPC of 242.336 mg/g, and a TFC of 138.8 mg/g. Furthermore, high concentrations of Chrysoeriol 7-O-glucuronide (42.09 mg/g), Cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (21.02 mg/g), and Cyanidin 3-O-(6′′-O-malonyl)-glucoside (24.45 mg/g) were quantified in HBP using UPLC.

The results from the animal tests indicate that HBP can effectively alleviate the conditions of T2DM mice induced by STZ. Specifically, it reduces FBG, lowers the liver index, improves glucose intolerance, alleviates dyslipidemia, enhances serum antioxidant capacity, reduces inflammation, and mitigates liver and pancreatic injury. However, HBP had minimal effects on regulating the diversity and abundance of the gut microbiota and SCFA.

Furthermore, analysis of the mouse hepatic transcriptome revealed that the DEGs (CM vs. NC, HDP vs. CM) were enriched in signal transduction and the immune system. More specifically, HBP administration influenced the expression of genes associated with diabetes, such as CDKN1A, CD68, C1qa, and C1qb, which are linked to signaling pathways involving Hippo, TGF-beta, HIF-1, p53, and cGMP-PKG. These findings suggest that HBP may modulate these signaling pathways to regulate blood glucose levels and insulin secretion. These findings could provide a scientific basis for the research and development of functional foods and dietary supplements derived from black hulless barley bran.

Genetics, Genomics, DNA Sequencing, Gene Therapy, CRISPR, Genetic Engineering, Human Genome, Molecular Biology, Mutation, Genetic Variation, Epigenetics, Genetic Disorders, Heredity, Biotechnology, Precision Medicine, Genetic Research, Genome Editing, RNA Biology, Genetic Mapping, Personalized Medicine,

#Genetics, #Genomics, #DNASequencing, #GeneTherapy, #CRISPR, #GeneticEngineering, #HumanGenome, #MolecularBiology, #Mutation, #GeneticVariation, #Epigenetics, #GeneticDisorders, #Heredity, #Biotechnology, #PrecisionMedicine, #GeneticResearch, #GenomeEditing, #RNABiology, #GeneticMapping, #PersonalizedMedicine

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