Skip to main content

Lumpy Skin Disease

Non-vector-borne transmission of lumpy skin disease virus


The transmission of “lumpy skin disease virus” (LSDV) has prompted intensive research efforts due to the rapid spread and high impact of the disease in recent years, especially in Eastern Europe and Balkan countries. In this study, we experimentally evaluate the vaccine-derived virulent recombinant LSDV strain (Saratov/2017) and provide solid evidence on the capacity of the virus for transmission in a vector-proof environment.

In the 60-day long experiment, we used inoculated bulls (IN group) and two groups of in-contact animals (C1 and C2), with the former (C1) being in contact with the inoculated animals at the onset of the trial and the latter (C2) being introduced at day 33 of the experiment. The infection in both groups of contact animals was confirmed clinically, serologically and virologically, and viremia was demonstrated in blood, nasal and ocular excretions, using molecular tools. Further studies into LSDV biology are a priority to gain insights into whether the hypothesized indirect contact mode evidenced in this study is a de novo-created feature, absent from both parental stains of the novel (recombinant) LSDV isolate used, or whether it was dormant, but then unlocked by the process of genetic recombination. Author summary: In global terms, LSD has been termed a “neglected disease” due to its historic natural occurrence of being restricted to Africa and, occasionally, Israel. However, after its slow spread throughout the Middle East, the disease is now experiencing a resurgence of research interest following a recent and rapid spread into more northern latitudes.

Given the dearth of solid findings on potential transmission mechanisms, no efficient or reliable control program currently exists, which does not involve the use of live attenuated vaccines or stamping out policies – both of which are controversial for implementation in non-endemic regions or countries. The vector-borne mode is the only working concept currently available, but with scarce evidence to support the aggressive spread northwards – except for human-assisted spread, including legal or illegal animal transportation. The emergence of outbreaks is not consistently linked to weather conditions, with the potential for new outbreaks to occur and spread rapidly. Here, for the first time, we provide evidence for indirect contact-mode transmission for a naturally-occurring recombinant LSDV isolated from the field. In an insect-proof facility, we obtained solid evidence that the novel LSDV strain can pass to in-contact animals. Given the recombinant nature of the virus utilised, its genetic background relating to the observed transmission pattern within the study needs to be delineated.

Non-vector-borne transmission, lumpy skin disease virus, LSDV, cattle health, direct contact, fomites, aerosol transmission, viral spread, livestock disease, transmission pathways, disease epidemiology, viral reservoirs, environmental contamination, biosecurity measures, viral persistence, livestock management, economic impact, viral survival, host susceptibility, disease outbreaks, transmission dynamics, cross-species infection, vaccination strategies, quarantine protocols, agricultural impact

#NonVectorBorneTransmission, #LumpySkinDisease, #LSDV, #CattleHealth, #LivestockDisease, #ViralTransmission, #DirectContact, #Fomites, #AerosolSpread, #ViralEpidemiology, #Biosecurity, #DiseaseControl, #LivestockManagement, #EconomicImpact, #ViralReservoirs, #HostSusceptibility, #DiseaseOutbreaks, #TransmissionDynamics, #CrossSpeciesInfection, #Vaccination, #Quarantine, #EnvironmentalContamination, #ViralSurvival, #AgriculturalImpact, #DiseasePrevention

    Comments

    Post a Comment

    Popular posts from this blog

    Chromosomal Abnormalities

      Chromosomal Abnormalities Chromosome abnormalities refer to structural or numerical changes in chromosomes that can disrupt normal genetic function, leading to developmental disorders, congenital abnormalities, and various genetic diseases. These abnormalities may arise from errors in cell division, such as nondisjunction or chromosomal breakage, resulting in conditions like Down syndrome , Turner syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome , and various deletion or duplication syndromes. Understanding chromosome abnormalities is essential for genetic counseling, prenatal diagnosis, disease risk assessment, and research in cytogenetics and molecular genetics. Chromosome abnormalities, chromosomal disorders, chromosomal mutations, aneuploidy, structural chromosome abnormalities, nondisjunction, deletion syndrome, duplication syndrome , translocation, inversion, cytogenetics, karyotyping, prenatal diagnosis , genetic testing, genomic instability, Down syndrome, Turner syndrome, Klinefelter syn...
    Post a Comment
    Read more

    Multifactorial Genetic Conditions

    Multifactorial Genetic Conditions Multifactorial genetic conditions are disorders caused by the combined effects of multiple genes and environmental factors , rather than a single gene mutation . These conditions do not follow classic Mendelian inheritance patterns and instead result from complex gene–environment interactions . Factors such as lifestyle, nutrition, infections, stress, and exposure to toxins can significantly influence disease onset and severity in genetically susceptible individuals. Common examples include diabetes, cardiovascular diseases , neural tube defects, asthma, and many neuropsychiatric disorders. Understanding multifactorial inheritance is essential for risk prediction, preventive medicine, and personalized healthcare strategies. Multifactorial inheritance, polygenic traits, gene–environment interaction, complex diseases, genetic susceptibility, environmental risk factors, non-Mendelian inheritance, disease predisposition, polygenic risk score, precision ...
    Post a Comment
    Read more

    Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome

     Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome Wolf–Hirschhorn Syndrome (WHS) is a rare genetic disorder caused by a partial deletion of the short arm of chromosome 4 (4p16.3). It is characterized by distinct craniofacial features often described as a “Greek warrior helmet” appearance, along with growth retardation, intellectual disability, seizures, and developmental delay. Affected individuals may also present with hypotonia , congenital heart defects, skeletal abnormalities, and delayed speech and motor skills. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the size of the chromosomal deletion . WHS typically occurs sporadically, though it can be inherited through chromosomal rearrangements. Early diagnosis through genetic testing and multidisciplinary medical care are essential for improving quality of life and managing associated complications. Wolf–Hirschhorn Syndrome, WHS, chromosome 4p deletion, 4p16.3 deletion, rare genetic disorder, developmental delay, intellectual disability, seizures, cran...
    Post a Comment
    Read more