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Chromosome 21

Chromosome 21

Chromosome 21 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. It is the smallest human chromosome, consisting of about 48 million base pairs and representing approximately 1.5% of the total DNA in cells. Chromosome 21 is best known for its association with Down syndrome, also known as trisomy 21, which occurs when an individual has three copies of chromosome 21 instead of the usual two.

Key Points about Chromosome 21:

  1. Down Syndrome: This genetic disorder is characterized by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21. It leads to developmental and intellectual delays, distinctive facial features, and an increased risk of certain medical conditions.
  2. Genes: Chromosome 21 contains around 200-300 genes. Some of the notable genes include APP (associated with Alzheimer's disease), SOD1 (involved in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), and ETS2 (linked to various developmental processes).
  3. Research: Due to its link with Down syndrome, chromosome 21 is a focus of extensive genetic and medical research. Scientists study its genes to understand their functions and to develop therapies for conditions associated with abnormalities in this chromosome.
  4. Genomic Studies: Chromosome 21 was the second human chromosome to be fully sequenced, providing valuable insights into its structure and the genetic information it carries
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Chromosome 21, Down syndrome, trisomy 21, intellectual disability, genetic testing, prenatal screening, genetic disorders, human chromosomes, developmental disorders, medical research, genetics, cancer research, genetic anomalies, scientific research, genetics awareness, healthcare, biomedical research, human biology, genetic support, research.

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