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Alzheimer's Disease

 Alzheimer's Disease Alzheimer’s Disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia, primarily affecting older adults. It is characterized by gradual memory loss, cognitive decline, impaired reasoning, and behavioral changes that interfere with daily life. Pathologically, the disease is associated with the accumulation of amyloid-β plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein in the brain, leading to synaptic dysfunction and neuronal death. Genetic factors , aging, lifestyle, and environmental influences contribute to disease risk. Although there is currently no cure, early diagnosis, symptomatic treatments, and ongoing research in genetics , biomarkers , and precision medicine aim to slow disease progression and improve patient quality of life. Alzheimer’s Disease, Dementia, Neurodegeneration, Amyloid Beta, Tau Protein, Cognitive Decline, Memory Loss, Brain Aging, Neuroinflammation, Synaptic Dysfunction, Genetic Risk Factors, A...
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Hypoplastic Nasal Bone

  Hypoplastic Nasal Bone Hypoplastic nasal bone refers to the underdevelopment or reduced size of the fetal nasal bone , most commonly identified during prenatal ultrasound examinations in the first or second trimester. It is considered a significant soft marker for chromosomal abnormalities , particularly Down syndrome (Trisomy 21) , and may also be associated with other aneuploidies such as Trisomy 18 and Trisomy 13. While the presence of a hypoplastic nasal bone increases genetic risk, it can also be observed in normal fetuses, with prevalence varying by ethnicity. Therefore, its clinical significance is best interpreted alongside maternal age, biochemical screening, and advanced diagnostic tests such as NIPT, chorionic villus sampling (CVS), or amniocentesis . Hypoplastic nasal bone, prenatal ultrasound marker, fetal nasal bone, Down syndrome marker, Trisomy 21, aneuploidy screening, prenatal diagnosis, fetal anomalies, genetic screening #HypoplasticNasalBone #PrenatalUltr...
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Brain Development Psychology

 Brain Development Psychology Brain Development Psychology is a specialized field of psychology that examines how the human brain grows, matures, and changes across the lifespan, with a strong focus on infancy, childhood, and adolescence. It explores the relationship between neural development and cognitive, emotional, social, and behavioral functioning. This discipline integrates insights from neuroscience , developmental psychology, and cognitive science to understand how genetics, environment, learning, and experience shape brain structure and function. Research in brain development psychology plays a critical role in identifying developmental milestones, understanding neurodevelopmental disorders , and informing educational practices, mental health interventions, and public health policies aimed at promoting healthy brain development . Brain development psychology, developmental neuroscience, cognitive development, neural maturation, child brain development, adolescent brain, ...
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Zoonotic Diseases

 Zoonotic Diseases Zoonotic diseases are infectious diseases that are naturally transmitted between animals and humans. These diseases can be caused by bacteria, viruses, parasites, or fungi and may spread through direct contact with animals, consumption of contaminated food or water, bites from insects or animals, or environmental exposure. Common examples include rabies , avian influenza, Ebola, COVID-19 , brucellosis , and Lyme disease. Zoonotic diseases pose significant global public health challenges due to factors such as climate change, deforestation, wildlife trade, intensive farming, and increased human-animal interaction. Effective prevention and control rely on surveillance, vaccination, biosecurity, food safety, and the One Health approach integrating human, animal, and environmental health. Zoonotic diseases, zoonoses, animal-to-human transmission, emerging infectious diseases, One Health, zoonotic infections, wildlife diseases, public health #ZoonoticDiseases #Zoo...
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Anti Immunity Disease

 Anti Immunity Disease Anti-immunity diseases, commonly referred to as autoimmune diseases, occur when the immune system mistakenly identifies the body’s own cells , tissues , or organs as foreign and mounts an immune response against them. This abnormal immune activation leads to chronic inflammation, tissue damage, and functional impairment of affected organs . Anti-immunity diseases can target specific organs-such as the pancreas in type 1 diabetes or the joints in rheumatoid arthritis-or involve multiple systems, as seen in systemic lupus erythematosus. Genetic predisposition , environmental triggers, infections, and immune regulatory defects all contribute to disease development. Understanding immune tolerance, autoantibodies, and inflammatory pathways has been critical in advancing diagnostics and developing targeted immunotherapies aimed at controlling disease activity and improving patient quality of life. Anti-immunity disease, Autoimmune disorders, Immune dysregulation...
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Coronary Artery Disease

 Coronary Artery Disease Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a chronic cardiovascular condition characterized by the narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries due to the buildup of atherosclerotic plaques composed of cholesterol, fatty deposits, calcium, and inflammatory cells . This process reduces blood flow and oxygen supply to the heart muscle, leading to clinical manifestations such as chest pain (angina), shortness of breath, myocardial infarction (heart attack), heart failure, and sudden cardiac death. Major risk factors include hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, smoking, obesity, physical inactivity, advancing age, and genetic predisposition . CAD remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Early diagnosis, lifestyle modification, pharmacological therapy, and interventional procedures such as angioplasty or coronary artery bypass grafting are critical for prevention, management, and improved long-term outcomes. Coronary Artery Disease, At...
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Metabolic Syndrome

 Metabolic Syndrome Metabolic syndrome is a complex cluster of interrelated metabolic disorders that significantly increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and stroke. It is characterized by a combination of central obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia (elevated triglycerides and reduced HDL cholesterol), and impaired glucose tolerance. The condition is driven by genetic predisposition, sedentary lifestyle, unhealthy dietary patterns, and chronic low-grade inflammation. Metabolic syndrome has become a major global public health concern due to its strong association with obesity, aging populations , and urbanization. Early diagnosis, lifestyle modification, and targeted medical interventions are critical for reducing long-term morbidity and mortality. Metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular risk, chronic inflammation, glucose intolerance, metabolic disorders #Meta...
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